论文和技术资料

Pressure-gradient condenser microphone capsules are widely used in professional studio and live recording, where frequency response, directional behaviour, proximity effect, and diffuse-field performance must be balanced within a compact mechanical design. Compared with pressure microphones, pressure-gradient capsules require the front and rear acoustic paths to be considered simultaneously. This motivates a coupled simulation approach in which acoustic, structural, and electrostatic effects can be evaluated within a single modelling framework.

This contribution presents an industrial COMSOL Multiphysics workflow for the simulation of a pressure-gradient condenser microphone capsule. The model combines frequency-domain acoustic modelling of the front and rear sound paths with thermoviscous loss modelling in narrow acoustic regions, electrostatic biasing, membrane prestress, static deflection, and linearized small-signal motion. The workflow is implemented as a prestressed perturbation analysis and allows the acoustic, structural, and electrostatic subsystems to be evaluated in a coupled simulation environment.

The model is used to predict key microphone characteristics such as frequency response and polar response. Simulation results are compared with measurement data from a corresponding real capsule in order to assess the practical validity of the workflow. Quantitative design details and confidential performance values are omitted; the focus is instead placed on the modelling strategy, the coupling of the relevant COMSOL physics interfaces, and the interpretation of simulation outputs for engineering use.

The presented workflow demonstrates how established COMSOL Multiphysics interfaces can be combined into a practical simulation approach for pressure-gradient microphone capsule development. It provides a structured basis for comparing simulated and measured capsule behaviour and supports design-oriented analysis of condenser microphone capsule designs without relying solely on empirical prototyping.